1.  “The Mayflower Compact: The First Declaration of Principles of American Freedom,” November 11, 1620,
   http://www.plimoth.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg-images/Mayflower%20Co....
2.  John Winthrop, “City Upon a Hill” (speech, aboard the Arbella, 1630),
   http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/sacred/charity.html.
3.  Patrick Henry, “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” (speech, Richmond, Virginia, March 23, 1775),
   http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/patrick.asp.
4.  “Declaration of Independence,” July 4, 1776,
   http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html.
5.  James Madison, “Federalist No. 10: The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection,” New York Packet, November 23, 1787, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_10.html.
6.  “The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription,” n.d.,
   http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html.
7.  “Bill of Rights,” n.d.,
   http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html.
8.  “The Constitution of the United States of America,” n.d.,
   http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDOC-110hdoc50/pdf/CDOC-110hdoc50.pdf.
9.  George Washington, First Inaugural Address (speech, Washington, DC, April 1789),
   http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/inaugtxt.html.
10.  “Washington’s Farewell Address 1796,” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/washing.asp.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibidem.
13.  “Quotations on the Jefferson Memorial,” The Jefferson Monticello, n.d.,
    http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-jefferson-memorial.
14.  Lincoln Memorial Interactive, n.d.,
    http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deploy/index.htm#....
15.  Ibid.

    [Book pg. 533]
     

16.  “First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln,” March 4, 1861,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln1.asp.
17.  “The Emancipation Declaration,” January 1, 1863,
    http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclam....
18. Martin Luther King, Strength to Love, (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 125-130.
19. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter From Birmingham City Jail,” May 1, 1963,
    http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/letter-birmingham-city-jail-0.
20.  Martin Luther King, “I Have A Dream...” (speech, Washington, DC, August 28, 1963),
    http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf.
21.  Martin Luther King, Jr., Nobel Prize Acceptance (speech, Oslo, Norway, December 10, 1964),
    http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-accepta....
22.  Martin Luther King, Jr., “God’s Children” (sermon, Berlin, East Germany, September 13, 1964),
    http://www.aacvr-germany.org/AACVR.ORG/index.php?option=com_content&view....
23.  Samuel Smith, “America: My Country, ‘tis of Thee,” 1832,
    http://www.usa-flag-site.org/song-lyrics/my-country-tis-of-thee.shtml.
24.  “Battle Hymn of the Republic,” n.d.,
    http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200000003/default.html.
25.  Katharine Lee Bates, “America, The Beautiful,” 1913,
    http://www.usa-flag-site.org/song-lyrics/america.shtml.
26.  “We Shall Overcome,” n.d.,
    http://www.k-state.edu/english/nelp/american.studies.s98/we.shall.overco....
27.  “Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Black National Anthem,” 1900,
    http://www.blackpast.org/?q=special/black-national-anthem.
28.  “The Pledge of Allegiance,” n.d.,
    https://www.sos.wa.gov/flag/pledge.aspx.
29.  “The Soviet National Anthem,” 1944,
    http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/sounds/lyrics/anthem.htm.

1.  Transcript of Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War against Germany (1917), Ourdocuments.gov, n.d.,
   http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=61&page=transcript.
2.  Vladimir I. Lenin, “The Task of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution,” in Collected Works of V.I. Lenin, Completely Rev. Ed., Vol. 24 (New York: International Publishers, 1927), 22-24.
3.  Vladimir I. Lenin, “Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets,” in Collected Works of V.I. Lenin, Completely Rev. Ed., Vol. 26 (New York: International Publishers, 1927), 21–27.
4.  “Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,” in Foreign Relations of the United States: 1918 The Conclusion of the Peace of Brest Litovsk, n.d.,
   http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/bl34.asp#treatytext.
5.  Woodrow Wilson, “Fourteen Points” (speech, Washington, DC, January 8, 1918),
   http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/woodrow_wilson1.htm.
6.  David Bullock, The Russian Civil War, 1918–22 (Oxford: Osprey Publishers, 2008), 35–36.
7. Vladimir I. Lenin, “The Task of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution,” in Collected Works of V.I. Lenin, Completely Rev. Ed., Vol. 25 (New York: International Publishers, 1927), 21–27.
8. Vladimir I. Lenin, Speeches at the Eighth Party Congress (Rockville, MD: Wildside Press, 2008), 15.
9. George F. Kennan, Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917–1941 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978), 125.
10. “German-Russian Aggreement; April 16, 1922 (Treaty of Rapallo),”
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/rapallo_001.asp.
11.  George F. Kennan, Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917–1941 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978), 81–84.
12. Richard Pipes, Three “Whys” of the Russian Revolution (London: Pimlico, 1998), 83–84.
13. 26Henry L. Stimson, address before the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, February 6, 1931, as reprinted in Walter Lippman and William O. Scroggs, The United States in World Affairs: An Account of American Foreign Relations, 1931 (New York: Council on Foreign Relations/Harper & Brothers, 1932).
14.  Donald G. Bishop, The Roosevelt-Litvinov Agreements; the American View (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1965), 28.
15.  Ibid., 29–30.
16. “1936 Constitution of the USSR,”
    http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/1936toc.html.

1. William L. Langer, An Encyclopedia of World History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), 1148.
2.  Franklin Roosevelt’s Press Conference, December 17, 1940,
   http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/odllpc2.html.

   [Book pg. 534]
    

3.  John R. Deane, The Strange Alliance; The Story of our Efforts at Wartime Cooperation with Russia (New York: Viking Press, 1947), 93.
4.  World War II: Historical Facts vs. Communist Myths (Langley, VA: Central Intelligence Agency, 1965), 56.
5.  Ibid., 58–59.
6.  Ibidem, 59.
7.  Ibidem.
8.  William L. Langer, An Encyclopedia of World History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), 1153–54.
9.  Harry S. Truman, Navy Day Address (Speech, October 27, 1945),
   http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3342.
10. Ibid.
11.  “Atlantic Charter,” August 14, 1941,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/atlantic.asp.
12.  “The Washington Conference 1941–1942: Draft Declaration of Allied Unity,” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/washc016.asp.
13.  “The Moscow Conference; October 1943,” October, 1943,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/moscow.asp.
14.  “Cairo Conference 1943,” November, 1943,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/cairo.asp.
15.  “The Tehran Conference, November 28 – December 1, 1943,” n.d.,
    http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/tehran.htm.
16.  “The Yalta Conference,” February, 1945,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp.
17.  “Preamble,” in “Charter of the United Nations,” United Nations, n.d.,
    http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml.
18.  “The Berlin (Potsdam) Conference, July 17 – August 2, 1945,” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/decade17.asp.
19.  Winston S. Churchill, Iron Curtain Speech (Speech, March 5, 1946),
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/churchill-iron.asp.
20.  “The ‘Marshall Plan’ Speech at Harvard University, 5 June 1947,” n.d.,
    http://www.oecd.org/document/10/0,3343,en_2649_201185_1876938_1_1_1_1,00....
21.  “President Harry S. Truman’s Address Before a Joint Session of Congress.” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/trudoc.asp.
22. “Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance,” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/decad061.asp.
23. Harry S. Truman, “20–Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights,” February 2, 1948,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=13006#ixzz1rAewYGGM.
24. “Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Collective Self-Defense (Brussels Treaty),” March 17, 1948,
    http://www.nato.int/docu/basictxt/b480317a.htm.
25. “Vandenberg Resolution,” n.d.,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/decad040.asp.
26. “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” United Nations, n.d.,
    http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml.
27. “Inaugural Address of Harry S. Truman,” January 20, 1949,
    http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/truman.asp.
28. Harry S. Truman. “Statement by the President on the Hydrogen Bomb,” January 31, 1950,
    http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=642&st=&st1=.
29. Harry S. Truman, “Special Message to the Congress Recommending Point 4 Legislation.” June 24, 1949,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=13226.
30.  “Conclusion of the ‘Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance,” n.d.,
    http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t1....

1.  White House, “NSC 20/4: U.S. Objectives with Respect to the USSR to Counter Soviet Threats to U.S. Security,” November 23, 1948, as reprinted in Foreign Relations of the United States, Vol. 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1948), 663–669.
2.  White House, “NSC 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security,” April 14, 1950,
   https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/coldwar/docu....
3. Ibid.
4. Ibidem.
5. Harry S. Truman, “304—Proclamation 2914 – Proclaiming the Existence of a National Emergency,” December 16, 1950,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=13684#axzz208etvy3d.

   [Book pg. 535]
    

6. Harry S. Truman, “Radio and Television Address to the American People on the Situation in Korea,” July 19, 1950,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=13561.
7. “Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact),” September 8, 1954,
   http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/usmu003.asp.
8. “Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of China,” December 2, 1954,
   http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/chin001.asp.
9. “Pact of Mutual Cooperation Between the Kingdom of Iraq, the Republic of Turkey, the United Kingdom, the Dominion of Pakistan, and the Kingdom of Iran (Baghdad Pact),” February 4, 1955,
   http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/baghdad.asp.
10. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Atoms for Peace Speech,” December 8, 1953,
    http://www.iaea.org/About/atomsforpeace_speech.html.
11. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “166—Statement on Disarmament Presented at the Geneva Conference,” July 21, 1955,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=10306.
12. “Dulles Announces Strategy of Massive Retaliation,” State Department Bulletin, January 12, 1954,
    http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1556858/posts.
13. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “The Eisenhower Doctrine on the Middle East, A Message to Congress” (speech, Washington, DC, January 5, 1957),
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1957eisenhowerdoctrine.html.
14. John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address (speech, Washington, DC, January 20, 1961),
    http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/JFK-Fas....
15. “JFK Address at the U.N. General Assembly, 25 September 1961,” The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library,
    http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/DOPIN64xJUGRKgdHJ9NfgQ.aspx.
16. John F. Kennedy: “Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin,” June 26, 1963.
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=9307.
17. Mao Tse-tung, “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People” (speech, Beijing, China, February 27, 1957),
    https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/m....
18. “Interview on NBC’s ‘Huntley-Brinkley Report,’ 9 September 1963,” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, n.d.,
    http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHA-213-003.aspx.
19. “Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Southeast Asia,” Joint Resolution of Aug. 10, 1964, Pub. L. No. 88-408, 78 Stat. 384,
    http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Joint-Resolution-o....
20. “Fifth Congress of the Polish United Worker’s Party: Speech by Comrade L. I. Brezhnev,” The Current Digest of the Russian Press, No. 46, Vol. 20, December 4, 1968, 3–4.

1. Richard Nixon, “75—Second Annual Report to the Congress on United States Foreign Policy,” February 25, 1971,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3324&st=&st1=.
2. “Interim Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT I),” as reprinted in Center for Nonproliferation Studies Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes, n.d.,
   http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/aptsaltI.pdf.
3. Ibid.
4. Richard Nixon, “141—Fourth Annual Report to the Congress on United States Foreign Policy,” May 3, 1973,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3832.
5. “Amendment No. 1516,” Congressional Record, September 14, 1972,
   http://abacus.bates.edu/muskie-archives/ajcr/1972/SALT%20Jackson%20Amend....
6. The Jackson Amendment on East-West Trade and Freedom of Emigration. Amendment No. 79. Added to title V. Introduced April 10 1972, approved December 20, 1974.
7. “Joint Statement Following Discussions With Leaders of the People’s Republic of China,” February 27, 1972, as reproduced in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, document 203,
   https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d203#fn1.
8. “Joint Statement Following Discussions With Leaders of the People’s Republic of China,” February 27, 1972, as reproduced in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, document 203
9. Ronald R Nelson and Peter Schweizer, The Soviet Concepts of Peace, Peaceful Coexistence, and Detente (Lnham, MD: University Press of America, 1988), 114.
10. White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Joint US-Soviet Communiqué,” November 24, 1974.

    [Book pg. 536]
     

11. Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe Final Act, August 1, 1975,
    http://www.osce.org/mc/39501?download=true.
12. Director of Central Intelligence, Report of Team B: Soviet Strategic Objectives: An Alternative View, December 1976, 7–11.

1. Jimmy Carter, “A Foreign Policy Based on America’s Essential Character” (Address, Notre Dame, Indiana, May 22, 1977), as transcribed in Department of State Bulletin, June 13, 1977, 2–5.
2. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, U.S. Defense Perspectives Fiscal Year 1978, January 1977, 14.
3. Ibid., 15.
4. Ibidem, 38.
5. Jimmy Carter: “Enhanced Radiation Weapons Statement by the President,” April 7, 1978,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=30630.
6. Sam Nunn, “Carter Was Wrong,” Christian Science Monitor, May 1, 1978.
7. “Statement by Senate Republican Leader Howard Baker on the SALT II Treaty,” June 27, 1979,
   http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item....
8. White House, “Presidential Directive/NSC–59: Nuclear Weapons Employment Policy,” July 25, 1980, 1.
9. General David C. Jones, “Military Posture for FY 1980,” n.d., 3–5, 7–8.
10. Director of Central Intelligence, Report of Team B: Soviet Strategic Objectives: An Alternative View, December 1976, 14.
11. Winston S. Churchill, Iron Curtain Speech (Speech, March 5, 1946),
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/churchill-iron.asp.
12. Clare Booth Luce, “The High Human Price of Détente,” National Review, November 11, 1977, 1289–1291.
13. General David C. Jones, “Military Posture for FY 1980,” n.d., 49.
14. Dimitri K. Simes, “The Anti-Soviet Brigade,” Foreign Policy no. 37 (Winter 1979–1980), 28–42,
    http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1148156?uid=3739936&uid=2129&uid=2....
15. Jimmy Carter, “Crisis of Confidence” (Speech, University of Virginia, July 15, 1979),
    http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402.

1. Ronald Reagan, “1980 Republican National Convention Acceptance Address,” Detroit, MI, July 17, 1980,
   http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreagan1980rnc.htm.
2. Committee of the Present Danger, “Common Sense and the Common Danger,” as reproduced in The Geopolitics Reader, Simon Dalby, Paul Routledge, and Gearoid O. Tuathail ed., August 1, 2003, 92–93.
3. Committee on the Present Danger, “What is the Soviet Union Up To?” November 11, 1976, 1,6.
4. Ronald Reagan, Address at the “World Challenges, 1979” Seminar, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, January 12, 1979,
   http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item....
5. Ronald Reagan’s announcement for Presidential Candidacy, November 13, 1979,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/11.13.79.html.
6. Ronald Reagan, Address to the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago, Illinois, March 17, 1980, 1–3.
7. Ibid., 5.
8. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibidem.
11. Ronald Reagan, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in Detroit,” July 17, 1980,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25970.
12. Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Veterans of Foreign Wars Convention in Chicago,” August 18, 1980,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=85202.
13. Ronald Reagan, Address to the American Legion National Convention, Boston, Massachusetts, August 20, 1980, 4.

    [Book pg. 537]

1. Ronald Reagan, “Oath of Office Administered by Chief Justice Warren Burger,” January 20, 1981,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=77404.
2. Ronald Reagan, “Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1981,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=43130.
3. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 1: National Security Council Directives,” February 25, 1981, 1.
4. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 3: Crisis Management,” December 14, 1981, 1.
5. White House, “National Security Study Directive 1–82: U.S. National Security Strategy,” February 5, 1982, 1–2.
6. White House, “U.S. National Security Strategy,” August 21, 1982, 8.
7. Ibid., 9–14.
8. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 32,” May 20, 1982, 4–5.
9. Ibid.
10. White House, “National Security Study Directive 11–82,” August 21, 1982, 1–4.
11. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 1–4.
12. Ibid., 4–7.
13. Ibidem, 7–9.
14. Ibidem.
15. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
16. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 7–9.
17. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate 11–23–88: Gorbachev’s Economic Programs: The Challenges Ahead,” December 1988, 7–8.
18. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
19. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 5–8.
20. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 76: Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with China,” January 18, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD76.pdf.
21. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Annual Conference of the American Legion, February 22, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/22283b.htm.
22. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 120: Visit to the United States of Premier Zhao Ziyang,” January 9, 1984, 1–2.

1. “Bear,” Film (advertisement), 1984,
   http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1984/bear.
2. Ronald Reagan, “Inaugural Address,” January 21, 1985,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=38688.
3. Ronald Reagan, “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union,” February 6, 1985,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=38069.
4. Mikhael Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for our Country and the World (Cambridge: Harper & Row, 1987), 25–26, 36–37.
5. Ronald Reagan, Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress Following the Soviet-United States Summit Meeting in Geneva, November 21, 1985,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/112185c.htm.
6. New Year’s Messages of President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev, January 1, 1986,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/10186a.htm.
7. Ibid.
8. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Conservative Political Action Conference Dinner,” February 26, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/22682b.htm.
9. “Transcript of President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address (1961),” ourdocuments.gov, n.d.,
   http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=90&page=transcript.
10. Ronald Reagan, Message to the Congress on America’s Agenda for the Future, February 6, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/20686c.htm.
11. Ronald Reagan, Address to the Nation on National Security, February 26, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/22686b.htm.
12. Ronald Reagan, Message to the Congress on Freedom, Regional Security, and Global Peace, March 14, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/31486d.htm.

    [Book pg. 538]
     

13. Ibid.
14. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Heritage Foundation Anniversary Dinner, April 22, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/42286f.htm.
15. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the High School Commencement Exercises in Glassboro, New Jersey, June 19, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/61986e.htm.
16. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 238: Basic National Security Strategy,” September 2, 1986, 1.
17. White House, “Election Results Talking Points,” November 1986, 1.
18. White House, “National Security Strategy of the United States,” January 1987, 1.
19. Ibid., 1, 4–7.
20. Ibidem, 16.
21. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the Soviet-United States Summit Meeting in Moscow, May 28, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/052888a.htm.
22. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to Religious Leaders at the Danilov Monastery in Moscow,” May 30, 1988,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=35893.
23. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to Soviet Dissidents at Spaso House in Moscow, May 30, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/053088b.htm.
24. Toasts of the President and General Secretary Gorbachev of the Soviet Union at the State Dinner in Moscow, May 30, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/053088c.htm.
25. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Luncheon Hosted by Artists and Cultural Leaders in MOSCOW ,” May 31, 1988
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=35896.
26. Ronald Reagan, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With the Students and Faculty at Moscow State University, May 31, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/053188b.htm.
27. Ronald Reagan, Toasts at a State Dinner Hosted by the President at Spaso House in Moscow, May 31, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/053188c.htm.
28. Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, Joint Statement Following the Soviet-United States Summit Meeting in Moscow, June 1, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/060188b.htm.
29. Ibid.
30. The President’s News Conference Following the Soviet-United States Summit Meeting in Moscow, June 1, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/060188c.htm.
31. Ronald Reagan, “Radio Address to the Nation on Foreign Policy Achievements,” August 27, 1988,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=36300.
32. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the National Convention of the American Legion in Louisville, Kentucky, September 6, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/090688b.htm.
33. Ronald Reagan, “Radio Address to the Nation on National Security,” September 24, 1988,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=34894.
34. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Site of the Future Holocaust Memorial Museum, October 5, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/100588b.htm.
35. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at a Luncheon for Recipients of the Medal of Freedom, November 10, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/111088a.htm.
36. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Soviet-United States Relations, December 3, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120388a.htm.
37. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, December 7, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120788f.htm.
38. Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Popadiuk on United States Participation in International Human Rights Conferences, January 4, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/010489b.htm.
39. Ronald Reagan, Farewell Address to the Nation, January 11, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/011189i.htm.
40. Ronald Reagan, Final Radio Address to the Nation, January 14, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/011489a.htm.

1. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
2. Ibid.

   [Book pg. 539]
    

3. Ibidem.
4. Caspar W. Weinberger, Statement before the United States Senate Armed Services Committee, March 4, 1981.
5. Office of Secretary of Defense, “FY 1981 and FY 1982 Department of Defense Budget Revisions,” March 4, 1981, 1, 2, 10.
6. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 2, 5, 7–8.
7. Ibid., 2, 5.
8. Caspar W. Weinberger, Remarks to the National Press Club, Washington, DC, November 28, 1984,
   http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/force/weinberger.....
9. Colin Powell, “U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead,” Foreign Affairs, Winter 1992/93,
   http://www.cfr.org/world/us-forces-challenges-ahead/p7508.
10. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 277: National Policy and Strategy for Low Intensity Conflict,” June 15, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD277.pdf.
11. White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “The President’s Report to the Congress on Soviet Noncompliance with Arms Control Agreements,” January 23, 1984, 1.
12. United States Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, September 1981), Preface.
13. “Text of Administration’s Letter to U.S. Catholic Bishops on Nuclear Policies,” New York Times, November 17, 1982,
    http://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/17/us/text-of-administration-s-letter-to-....
14. Ronald Reagan, Remarks in Columbus to Members of Ohio Veterans Organizations, October 4, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/100482b.htm.

1. Notes from National Security Council Meeting on Theater Nuclear Forces – Negotiations Timing, April 30, 1981.
2. Ibid.
3. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate: Warsaw Pact Forces Opposite NATO,” June 30, 1981, 20–21.
4. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate Memorandum to Holders, Soviet Goals and Expectations in the Global Power Arena,” July 7, 1981, 10–11.
5. National Intelligence Council, “Evolving Soviet Strategy Toward LRTNF Negotiations,” September 3 1981, iii (in summary) and 3.
6. Notes from National Security Council Meeting on Theater Nuclear Forces, Egypt, October 13, 1981, 3–4.
7. Ibid, 6.
8. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 15: Theater Nuclear Forces (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces),” November 16, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD15.pdf.
9. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to Members of the National Press Club on Arms Reduction and Nuclear Weapons, Washington, DC, November 18, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/111881a.htm.
10. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 56: Private INF Exchange,” September 15, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD56.pdf.
11. Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Soviet Announcement Concerning Missile Deployment, March 16, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/31682b.htm.
12. Ronald Reagan, Remarks in Columbus to Members of Ohio Veterans Organizations, October 4, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/100482b.htm.
13. Ronald Reagan, Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 25, 1983,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=41698.
14. Director of Central Intelligence, “National Intelligence Estimate: The Soviet Approach to Arms Control: Implications for START and INF,” November 16, 1983, 26–27,
    http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/D....
15. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 86: U.S. Approach to INF Negotiations,” March 28, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD86.pdf.
16. National Security Planning Group meeting on “Substantive Issues for Geneva,” December 17, 1984,
    http://www.thereaganfiles.com/19841217-nspg-104-arms.pdf.

    [Book pg. 540]
     

17. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 153: Instructions for the Shultz-Gromyko Meeting in Geneva,” January 1, 1985, 14–15,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD153.pdf.
18. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 165: Instructions for the First Round of US/Soviet Negotiations in Geneva,” n.d., 4–5,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD165.pdf.
19. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 206: Instructions for the Fourth Round of US/Soviet Negotiations in Geneva,” January 14, 1986, 2,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD206.pdf.
20. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Arms Control—Responding to Gorbachev, February 3, 1986.
21. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 278: Establishing a U.S. Negotiating Position on SRINF Missiles,” June 13, 1987, 1,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD278.pdf.
22. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 284: U.S. Military Capabilities in Support of NATO,” October 15, 1987, 1–2,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD284.pdf.
23. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 163: Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements,” March 1987, 2.
24. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty Message from the President of the United States, December 8, 1987,
    http://www.acq.osd.mil/tc/treaties/inf/inf_lett.htm#transmittal.
25. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation Following the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Summit Meeting in Brussels, Belgium, March 5, 1988,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=35519.
26. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty), December 8, 1987,
    http://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/102360.htm.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibidem.
29.  White House Statement on the First Anniversary of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, December 8, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120888d.htm.

1. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
2. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power, September 1981, 55–56.
3. Central Intelligence Agency, Soviet Potential To Respond to US Strategic Force Improvements, and Foreign Reactions, October 1981, 1–2, 4.
4. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 12: Strategic Forces Modernization Program,” October 1, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD12.pdf.
5. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to Members of the National Press Club on Arms Reduction and Nuclear Weapons, November 18, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/111881a.htm.
6. White House, “National Security Study Directive 3–82: U.S. Policy and Negotiating Position for the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks,” March 3, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD3-82....
7. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), April 21, 1982.
8. White House, “National Security Study Directive 3–82: U.S. Policy and Negotiating Position for the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks,” March 3, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD3-82....
9. Ronald Reagan, Address at Commencement Exercises at Eureka College, Eureka, Illinois, May 9, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/50982a.htm.
10.  Ibid.
11. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 33: U.S Approach to START Negotiations,” May 14, 1982, 1–3.
12. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 36: U.S. Approach to START Negotiations – II,” May 25, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD36.pdf.
13. White House, Letter to the Speaker and Members of the House of Representatives on Strategic Arms Reduction, July 23, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/72382f.htm.

    [Book pg. 541]
     

14. White House, Letter to the Chairman of the House Committee on Armed Services Concerning Strategic Arms Reduction, August 3, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/80382c.htm.
15. “Transcript of President’s Address on Nuclear Strategy toward Soviet Union,” New York Times, November 23, 1982,
    http://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/23/world/transcript-of-president-s-addres....
16. Central Intelligence Agency, Soviet Capabilities for Strategic Nuclear Conflict, 1981–91, March 23, 1982, v.
17. Notes from National Security Council meeting on M-X Basing Decision, November 18, 1982.
18. White House, Statement on Action by the House of Representatives on Production of the MX Missile, December 7, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/120782e.htm.
19. Ronald Reagan, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters on Production of the MX Missile, December 10, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/121082c.htm.
20. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 73,” January 3, 1983, 1–2.
21. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 91: Strategic Forces Modernization Program Changes,” April 19, 1983, 1–2.
22. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 106: U.S. Approach to START Negotiations – VII,” October 5, 1983, 2–3.
23. Ibid 3–4.
24. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), July 1, 1968,
    http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Nuclear/NPTtext.shtml.
25. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 51: U.S. Nuclear Testing Limitations Policy,” August 10, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD51.pdf.
26. White House, Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report and a Fact Sheet on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, January 23, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/12384c.htm.
27. Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on Limiting Nuclear Weapons Testing, July 29, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/72985a.htm.
28. Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on Nuclear Testing, December 19, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/121985a.htm.
29. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole on the Nuclear Testing Limitations Bill, March 7, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/30786e.htm.
30. Ronald Reagan, Statement Announcing a United States Proposal on Nuclear Testing Limitations, March 14, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/31486e.htm.
31. Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Roussel on the Soviet Nuclear Test Ban Proposal, March 29, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/32986b.htm.
32. Notes from National Security Council Planning Group meeting on “Military Purposes Served by Nuclear Testing,” July 15, 1986.
33. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 247: Ratification of Existing Treaties Limiting Nuclear Testing,” October 10, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD247.pdf.
34. Statement by the Principal Deputy Press Secretary, Reykjavik, Iceland, October 10, 1986.
35. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 161: Senate Consideration of Unratified Treaties To Limit Nuclear Testing,” January 1987, 1.
36. Ronald Reagan, “Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements,” March 10, 1987,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=33960.
37. Statement by Assistant to the President for Press Relations Fitzwater on the Soviet-United States Nuclear and Space Arms Negotiations, February 12, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/021288a.htm.
38. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 309: Nuclear Weapons Safety, Security, and Control,” June 27, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD309.pdf.
39. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Congressional Leaders Transmitting a Report on Nuclear Weapons Modernization, January 12, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/011289b.htm.
40. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 76: Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with China,” January 18, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD76.pdf.
41. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 120: Visit to the United States of Premier Zhao Ziyang,” January 9, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD120.pdf.
42. Ronald Reagan, Statement on United States Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy, July 16, 1981,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/71681a.htm.

    [Book pg. 542]

1. Izvestia (Moscow), June 27, 1967, 1.
2. U.S. Department of State, “Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) (narrative), n.d.,
   http://www.state.gov/t/isn/5191.htm.
3. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), July 1, 1968,
   http://www.state.gov/t/isn/trty/16281.htm.
4. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the Strategic Defense Initiative, July 13, 1985,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/71385a.htm.
5. Protocol to the Treaty Between The United States Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics On The Limitation Of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, July 3, 1974,
   http://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/101888.htm#protocolabm.
6. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
7. Central Intelligence Agency, “Soviet and US Defense Activities, 1971–80: A Dollar Cost Comparison,” January 1981, 5.
8. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 12: Strategic Forces Modernization Program,” October 1, 1981, 1–2.
9. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate: Soviet Ballistic Missile Defense,” October 15, 1982, 3.
10. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 2.
11. Ronald Reagan, Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security, March 23, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32383d.htm.
12. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 85: Eliminating the Threat From Ballistic Missiles,” March 25, 1983, 1.
13. White House Announcement on the Development of a Defensive System Against Nuclear Ballistic Missiles, March 25, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32583d.htm.
14. Report of the President’s Commission On Strategic Forces, April 1983, 12.
15. White House, “National Security Study Directive 6–83: Study on Eliminating the Threat Posed by Ballistic Missiles,” April 18, 1983, 1.
16. Ibid., 2–3.
17. Notes from National Security Council meeting on the Strategic Defense Initiative, November 30, 1983.
18. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 119: Strategic Defense Initiative,
19.  January 6, 2984,
    http://fas.org/spp/starwars/offdocs/nsdd119.htm.
20. Notes from National Security Council meeting on “Peacetime Draft Registration,” December 18, 1981.
21. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 172: Presenting the Strategic Defense Initiative,” May 30, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD172.pdf.
22. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 192: The ABM Treaty and the SDI Program,” October 11, 1985, 1–2.
23. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the Strategic Defense Initiative, July 13, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/71385a.htm.
24. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 122: Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements,” February 1, 1985, 5–6.
25. Notes from meeting of the Senior Presidential Advisors on the SDI Program, February 3, 1987.
26. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 172: Presenting the Strategic Defense Initiative,” May 30, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD172.pdf.
27. Central Intelligence Agency, Soviet Space Programs, December 1983, 2.
28. Ronald Reagan, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at a Meeting With Employees of AccuRay Corporation in Columbus, Ohio, October 4, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/100482a.htm.
29. Soviet Military Power, Second Edition (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1983), 65.
30. White House, “Report to the Congress: U.S. Policy on ASAT Arms Control,” March 31, 1984. 1.
31. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Next-Steps in the Vienna Process, September 18, 1984.

    [Book pg. 543]
     

32. “WHITE HOUSE MESSAGE ON ANTI-SATELLITE ARMS,” New York Times, August 21, 1985,
    http://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/world/white-house-message-on-anti-sate....
33. White House, “National Security Study Directive 4–86: Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Options,” October 20, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD4-86....
34. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 258: Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Program,” February 6, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD258.pdf.
35. Ibid.
36. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 26: US Civil Defense Policy,” March 16, 1982, 1.
37. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 259: U.S. Civil Defense,” February 4, 1987, 1.

1. United States Department of State, Security and Arms Control: The Search for a More Stable Peace, June 1983, 36–38.
2. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
3. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate: Warsaw Pact Forces Opposite NATO,” July 7, 1981, i, 1–2
4. Ibid, 12–19.
5. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power, September 1981, 2–3.
6. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 5: Conventional Arms Transfer Policy,” July 8, 1981, 1.
7. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 31: United States Policy on Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions,” April 16, 1982, 1–2.
8. United States Department of State, Security and Arms Control: The Search for a More Stable Peace, June 1983, 42–44.
9. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 2, 4–5.
10. White House, President’s Report to the Congress on Soviet Noncompliance with Arms Control Agreements, January 23, 1984, 3.
11. United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Soviet Noncompliance, March 1986, 16–17.
12. Department of State, “Arms Control: Confidence-Building Measures,” January 1985, 1–2.
13. Notes from National Security Council meeting on January 13, 1984.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibidem.
16. Secretary George Shultz, statement on “Building Confidence and Security in Europe,” January 17, 1984.
17. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 122: Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions,” January 18, 1984, 1.
18. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 126: Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions,” February 20, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD126.pdf.
19. Ronald Reagan, Statement on Resumption of the Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions Negotiations, March 16, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/31684a.htm.
20. Ronald Reagan, Statement Announcing a Major United States Initiative in the Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions Negotiations, April 19, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/41984c.htm.
21. United States Department of State, “Arms Control: MBFR Talks,” April 1984, 1.
22. Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Negotiations, May 21, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/52185c.htm.
23. Ronald Reagain, Statement on a NATO Proposal To Reduce Troops in Central Europe, December 5, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/120585a.htm.
24. Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Negotiations, March 20, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/32086b.htm.
25. White House, “Fact Sheet: Stockholm Conference on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures and Disamament in Europe,” April 16, 1986, 1.
26. “Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Negotiations,” May 15, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/51586e.htm.
27. Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Resumption of the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Negotiations, September 25, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/092586g.htm.
28. United States Department of State, Nuclear Arms Control and the NATO Alliance (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. June 21, 1984).

    [Book pg. 544]
     

29. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 238: Basic National Security Strategy,” September 2, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD238.pdf.
30. White House, “National Security Study Directive 6–86:Conventional Forces Modernization,” November 3, 1986, 1–2.
31. “Conventional Forces in Europe: The Facts,” NATO Press Service, n.d., 2.
32. Ibid.
33. Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, June 17, 1925,
    http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Bio/pdf/Status_Protocol.pdf.
34. U.S. Department of State, “Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol),
35.  June 17, 1925,
    http://www.state.gov/t/isn/4784.htm.
36. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1981), 37–38.
37. Richard Burt, statement before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations, and Environment, November 10, 1981.
38. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 18: CBW Arms Control,” January 4, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD18.pdf.
39. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 79: U.S. Chemical Weapons Arms Control Policy,” February 1, 1983, 1–2.
40. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1983), 49.
41. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate: Use of Toxins and Other Lethal Chemicals in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan,” March 2, 1983, 1.
42. Central Intelligence Agency, “National Intelligence Estimate: Implications of Soviet Use of Chemical and Toxin Weapons for US Security Interests,” September 15, 1983, 6, .
43. Ibid, 2–3, A1, B2–B3.
44. Department of Defense, “Continuing Development of Chemical Weapons Capabilities in the USSR,” October 1983, 2.
45. Ibid, 3.
46. White House, “Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report and a Fact Sheet on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements,” January 23, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/12384c.htm.
47. Ronald Reagan, Interview With Southeast Regional Editors on Foreign and Domestic Issues, March 12, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/31284e.htm.
48. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 136: A U.S. Initiative to Ban Chemical Weapons,” March 1984, 2–3.
49. White House, The President’s News Conference, April 4, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/40484b.htm.
50. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to Reporters on the Vice President’s Trip to Geneva, Switzerland, To Present the United States Initiative for a Ban on Chemical Weapons, April 16, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/41684a.htm.
51. United States Department of State, “U.S. Proposes Banning Chemical Weapons,” April 18, 1984, 2.
52. White House, “United States Initiative to Ban Chemical Weapons,” April 1984, 4.
53. Central Intelligence Agency, “Special Intelligence Assessment: The Soviet Offensive Chemical Warfare Threat to NATO,” n.d., 2–3.
54. Ronald Reagan, Message to the Congress Transmitting the Final Report of the Chemical Warfare Review Commission, June 13, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/61385c.htm.
55. Defense Intelligence Agency, Soviet Chemical Weapons Threat, 1985, 8, 29.
56. Defense Intelligence Agency, Soviet Biological Warfare Threat, 1986, 1–2.
57. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 238: Basic National Security Strategy,” September 2, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD238.pdf.
58. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1983), 88–89.

    [Book pg. 545]
     

59. White House Statement on the Conference on Chemical Weapons Use, October 21, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/102188d.htm.
60. Chemical Weapons Convention, Article X. Assistance and Protection Against Chemical Weapons,
    http://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/articles/article-x-assis....

1. Ronald Reagan, The President’s News Conference, January 29, 1981,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=44101.
2. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 121: Soviet Non-compliance with Arms Control Agreements,” January 14, 1984, 1–3,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD121.pdf.
3. Ibid.
4. Gerard C. Smith, Paul C. Warnke, and Herbert Scoville Jr., “Alleged Violations of Arms Control Agreements,” January 18, 1984, 1.
5. Ibid, 2.
6. White House, The President’s Report to the Congress on Soviet Noncompliance with Arms Control Agreements, January 23, 1984, 1.
7. United States Department of State, Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, March 1987, 2.
8. Ronald Reagan, Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate Transmitting the Annual Report on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, December 2, 1988,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120288b.htm.
9. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, “Facts Concerning Soviet Charges of US Arms Control Noncompliance, April 19, 1984, 1.
10. Ronald Reagan, “Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report and a Fact Sheet on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, January 23, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/12384c.htm.
11. United States Department of State, Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, March 1987, 7.
12. Ronald Reagan, Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate Transmitting the Annual Report on Soviet Noncompliance With Arms Control Agreements, December 2, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120288b.htm.
13. “Soviets Admit Radar Station Violated Pact,” Reuters, October 23, 1989,
    http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-23/news/mn-543_1_radar-station.

1. Ronald Reagan, “Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1981,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43130.
2. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks Announcing Candidacy for the Republican Presidential Nomination,” November 13, 1979,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=76116.
3. Ronald Reagan, “Peace and Security in the 1980s” (speech, Chicago, Illinois, March 17, 1980), 5.
4. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
5. Ronald Reagan: “Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1981,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43130.
6. White House, National Security Decision Directive 32: U.S. National Security Strategy, May 20, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD32.pdf.
7. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 4,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD75.pdf.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibidem.
10. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 45: United States International Broadcasting,” July 15, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD45.pdf
11. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 77: Management of Public Diplomacy Relative to National Security,” January 14, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD77.pdf.
12. White House, “National Security Study Directive 2–83: US International Information Policy,” March 12, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD2-83....
13. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 130: US International Information Policy,” March 6, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD130.pdf.
14. Ronald Reagan, “The President’s News Conference,” January 29, 1981,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=44101.

    [Book pg. 546]
     

15. Ronald Reagan, “Address at Commencement Exercises at the Univesity of Notre Dame,” May 17, 1981,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&DocId=493&....
16. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to Members of the National Press Club on Arms Reduction and Nuclear Weapons,” November 18, 1981,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/111881a.htm.
17. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Conservative Political Action Conference Dinner,” February 26, 1982,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42213.
18. Ronald Reagan, “Address to Members of the British Parliament,” June 8, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/60882a.htm.
19. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks in New York, New York, Before the United Nations General Assembly Special Session Devoted to Disarmament,” June 17, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/61782a.htm.
20. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Annual Washington Conference of the American Legion,” February 22, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/22283b.htm.
21. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, Florida” March 8, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/30883b.htm.
22. Ronald Reagan, “Address Before the 38th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, New York,” September 26, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/92683a.htm.
23. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a United States-France Ceremony Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Normandy Invasion,” June 6, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/60684b.htm.
24. Ronald Reagan, “Inaugural Address,” January 21, 1985,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38688.
25. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany, May 5, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/50585b.htm.
26. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to Citizens in Hambach, Federal Republic of Germany,” May 6, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/50685a.htm.
27. Ronald Reagan, “Address to a Special Session of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France,” May 8, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/50885a.htm.
28. Ronald Reagan, “Address Before the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal in Lisbon,” May 9, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/50985b.htm.
29. Ronald Reagan, “Address at the United States Naval Academy Commencement Exercises in Annapolis, Maryland,” May 22, 1985,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=38671.
30. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the Conservative Political Action Conference,” January 30, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/13086c.htm.
31. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a White House Meeting With the Board of Directors of the United States Institute of Peace,” February 26, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/22686a.htm.
32. Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation on National Security,” February 26, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/22686b.htm.
33. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Heritage Foundation Anniversary Dinner,” April 22, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/42286f.htm.
34. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Dinner for Former Members of the Office of Strategic Services,” May 29, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/52986c.htm.
35. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the High School Commencement Exercises in Glassboro, New Jersey, June 19, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/61986e.htm.
36. Ronald Reagan, “Address to the 41st Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, New York,” September 22, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/092286a.htm.
37. Ronald Reagan, “Address to Western Europe From the Venice Economic Summit,” June 5, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/060587b.htm.
38. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin,” June 12, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm.
39. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Senate Republican Policy Committee Luncheon,” June 16, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061687b.htm.
40. Ronald Reagan, “Statement on the 44th Session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights,” January 30, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/013088b.htm.
41. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at a Luncheon for Recipients of the Medal of Freedom,“ November 10, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/111088a.htm.

    [Book pg. 547]
     

42. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” December 7, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/120788f.htm.
43. “Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Popadiuk on United States Particiaption in International Human Rights Conferences,” January 4, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/010489b.htm.
44. Ronald Reagan, “Farewell Address to the Nation,” January 11, 1989,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/011189i.htm.

1. United States Department of State, “Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion Attacked in U.N.,” January 6, 1980.
2. Ibid.
3. Jimmy Carter: “Address to the Nation on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan,” January 4, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=32911.
4. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
5. Central Intelligence Agency, “Interagency Intelligence Memorandum: The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: Implications for Warning,” September 1980, 3.
6. Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007), 143.
7. Steven Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin, 2004), 51.
8. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, April 24, 1981,
   http://www.thereaganfiles.com/19810424-2.pdf.
9. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, November 17, 1981, 1.
10. United States Department of State, “Special Report No 86: Afghanistan: 18 Months of Occupation,” n.d., 1.
11. International Communication Agency, Afghanistan: The Struggle to Regain Freedom, 1982, 13, 50.
12. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on Signing Proclamation 4908, Afghanistan Day, March 10, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/31082b.htm.
13. Ronald Reagan, Statement on Observance of the Afghan New Year, March 20, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/32082b.htm.
14. Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Members of British Parliament,” June 8, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/60882a.htm.
15. Ronald Reagan, Remarks in New York, New York, Before the United Nations General Assembly Special Session Devoted to Disarmament, June 17, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/61782a.htm.
16. United States Department of State, “Special Report No 104: Chemical Warfare in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan: An Update,” November 1982, 2.
17. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Third Anniversary of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, December 26, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/122682a.htm.
18. U.S. Information Agency, “Yellow Rain,” 1983, 11–13.
19. U.S. Information Agency, “Afghanistan: The Struggle Continues,” 1983, 5.
20. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, May 1, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/50184e.htm.
21. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Sixth Anniversary of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, December 27, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/122785a.htm.
22. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, December 28, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/122885a.htm.
23. Ronald Reagan, Statement Following a Meeting With Leaders of the Afghan Resistance Alliance, June 16, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/61686b.htm.
24. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on Signing the Afghanistan Day Proclamation, March 20, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/032087b.htm.
25. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 4,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD75.pdf.
26. Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007), 321.
27. Ibid., 350.

    [Book pg. 548]
     

28. White House, “National Security Study Directive 1–87: Afghanistan,” January 22, 1987, 1–3,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD1-87....
29. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 270: Afghanistan,” May 1, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD270.pdf.
30. Ronald Reagan, Proclamation 5778—Afghanistan Day, 1988, March 21, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/032188c.htm.
31. Ronald Reagan, Remarks Announcing the Signing of the Afghanistan Accords, April 11, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/041188d.htm.
32. Address by President Ronald Reagan to the UN General Assembly, September 26, 1988,
    http://www.state.gov/p/io/potusunga/207332.htm.
33. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Ninth Anniversary of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, December 27, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/122788a.htm.

1. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
2. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Caribbean Basin; Poland, February 6, 1981.
3. NSC meeting on Central America, February 11, 1981.
4. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 80: Communist Interference in El Salvador,” February 23, 1981, 1.
5. Statement by Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Richard V. Allen Concerning Radio Broadcasting to Cuba, September 23, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/92381c.htm.
6. Department of Defense, Soviet Military Power, September 1981, 89.
7. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 17: Cuba and Central America.” January 4, 1982, 1–2.
8. Notes from National Security Council meeting on “The Caribbean Basin,” February 10, 1982.
9. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 37: Cuba and Central America,” May 28, 1982. 1.
10. U.S. International Communication Agency, “Cuban Armed Forces and the Soviet Military Presence,” 1982, 2–3.
11. Director or Central Intelligence, “Special National Intelligence Estimate 11/80/90–82: Soviet Policies and Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean,” June 25, 1982, 1–2,
12. Ibid, 3–4
13. Ibidem, 8.
14. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Venezuelans on World Peace and the Situation in Central America and the Caribbean, November 5, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/110582d.htm.
15. Notes from National Security Council meeting on “Issues and Objectives for President’s Latin American Trip,” November 23, 1982.
16. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 75: U.S. Relations with the USSR,” January 17, 1983, 4.
17. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 82: U.S. Policy Initiatives to Improve Prospects for Victory in El Salvador,” February 24, 1983, 1–2.
18. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on Central America and El Salvador at the Annual Meeting of the National Association of Manufacturers, March 10, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/31083a.htm.
19. Ronald Reagan, Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on Central America, April 27, 1983,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/42783d.htm.
20. United States Department of State and Department of Defense, “Background Paper: Central America,” May 27 1983, 1.
21. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 100: Enhanced U.S. Military Activity and Assistance for the Central American Region,” July 28, 1983, 1.
22. White House Digest, July 6, 1983, 1–3.
23. White House Digest, August 10, 1983, 1.
24. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 126: The Nicaraguan Peace Process: A Documentary Record,” n.d., 2–3.
25. Otto J. Reich, Memorandum to Ambassador Motley, “Central America Public Diplomacy,” December 30, 1983, 1.
26. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 105: Eastern Caribbean Regional Security Policy,” October 4, 1983, 1.

    [Book pg. 549]
     

27. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 110: GRENADA: Contingency Planning,” October 21, 1983, 1.
28. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 110a: Response to Caribbean Governments’ Request to Restore Democracy on Grenada,” October 23, 1983, 1.
29. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 112: Processing and Disposition of Documents Acquired by US Forces in Grenada,” November 15, 1983, 1–3.
30. U.S. Department of State, “Grenada: A Preliminary Report,” December 16, 1983, v.
31. U.S. Department of State, “Grenada Documents: An Overview and Selection,” September 1984, 3–13.
32. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Grenada and Nicaragua, February 22, 1986,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=36904.
33. Department of State, “Lessons of Grenada,” February 1986, 1, 3–4.
34. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, January 14, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/11484a.htm.
35. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 124: Central America: Promoting Democracy, Economic Improvement, and Peace,” February 7, 1984, 2.
36. “Persecution of Christian Groups in Nicaragua,” White House Digest, February 29, 1984, 1.
37. Ibid, 16.
38. White House, Text of the President’s Remarks During a Meeting With Cuban-American Leaders, March 19, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/31984c.htm.
39. White House Digest, April 25, 1984, 3–4.
40. White House Digest, April 4, 1984, 1–5.
41. White House Digest, May 9, 1984, 1–7.
42. Department of State Bureau, “Current Policy no. 572: U.S. Central American Policy at a Crossroads,” May 2, 1984, 1, 7.
43. Ronald Reagan, Address to the Nation on United States Policy in Central America, May 9, 1984, http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/50984h.htm.
44. Notes from National Security Council Planning Group meeting on “Central America,” June 25, 2984.
45. Department of State, “Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean,” August 1984, 1–3.
46. Department of State, “Broken Promises: Sandinista Repression of Human Rights in Nicaragua,” October 1984, 2,9.
47. Department of State, “Current Policy no. 646: The United States and Cuba,” December 17, 1984, 2–4.
48. White House, “National Security Study Directive 2–85: Economic Development for Central America,” January 9, 1985, 2.
49. Department of State, “Current Policy no. 691: The United States and Central America: A Moment of Decision,” April 22, 1985, 3.
50. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole on the Nuclear Testing Limitations Bill, March 7, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/30786e.htm.
51. Ronald Reagan, “Statement on Senate Approval of United States Assistance for the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance,” April 23, 1985,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38530.
52. United States Department of Defense and Department of State, “Inter-American Series 119: The Sandinista Military Build-up.” May 1985, 34.
53. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 170: Radio Marti,” May 20, 1985, 1.
54. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Western Hemisphere Legislative Leaders Forum,” January 24, 1985,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38799.
55. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 176: Combatting Terrorism in Central America,” July 9, 1985, 1–2.
56. United States Department of State, “Special Report no. 132: ‘Revolution Beyond Our Borders’: Sandinista Intervention in Central America,” September 1983, 1–2.
57. Notes from National Security Council meeting on the “Review of US Policy in Central America,” January 10, 1986, 3, 7–8, 10.
58. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Grenada and Nicaragua,” February 22, 1986,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=36904.
59. Notes from National Security Council meeting on “Aid to the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance,” March 20, 1986.

    [Book pg. 550]
     

60. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 225: Central America: U.S. Policy on the Search for a Negotiated Solution,” May 20, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD225.pdf.
61. State Department. “Selected Articles Censored from La Prensa,” June 1986, 42.
62. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to the Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies on United States Assistance for the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance,” June 9, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/60986b.htm.
63. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 235: Strengthening U.S. Policy Toward Cuba,” August 18, 1986, 1.
64.  Department of State, “Sandinista Prisons: A Tool of Intimidation,” August 1986, 1, 3.
65. Department of State, “Crackdown on Freedom in Nicaragua and Profiles of Internal Opposition Leaders,” August 1986, 29.
66. National Security Planning Group meeting on “Central America,” February 20, 1987.
67. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 264: Central America,” February 27, 1987, 1.
68. Department of State, “The Sandinista MIltiary Build-Up: An Update,” October 1987, 17–18.
69. Ronald Reagan, Remarks to Media Executives at a White House Briefing on Nicaragua, August 3, 1988,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=36196.
70. White House, National Security Strategy of the United States, January 1988, 32–33,
    http://nssarchive.us/NSSR/1988.pdf.

1. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
2. International Communication Agency, “Poland: A Season of Light, and of Darkness,” 1982, 10, 12.
3. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, “SNIE 12.6–81: Poland’s Prospects Over the Next Six Months,” January 30, 1981, 1–3.
4. Notes from National Security Council meeting on the Caribbean Basin; Poland, February 6, 1981.
5. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Leonid Brezhnev, April 24, 1981, 3,
   http://research.archives.gov/description/198142.
6. Leonid Brezhnev, Letter to Ronald Reagan, May 27, 1981, 6,
   http://research.archives.gov/description/198148.
7. Notes from National Security Council meeting on further economic aid to Poland, September 15, 1981.
8. International Communication Agency, “Poland: A Season of Light, and of Darkness,” 1982, 12.
9. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Poland, December 21, 1981.
10. Notes from National Security Council meeting on Poland, December 22, 1981.
11. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Leonid Brezhnev, December 23, 1981, 2–4.
12. White House, “National Security Study Directive 5–82: U.S. Policy Toward Eastern Europe,” March 25, 1982, 1–2,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD5-82....
13. Ronald Reagan, “Statement on the Situation in Poland,” May 1, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/50182a.htm.
14. Ronald Reagan, Address to Members of the British Parliament, June 8, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/60882a.htm.
15. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Situation in Poland, June 13, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/61382a.htm.
16. Ronald Reagan, “Remarks in New York, New York, Before the United Nations General Assembly Special Session Devoted to Disarmament,” June 17, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/61782a.htm.
17. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, “SNIE 12.6–82: Poland’s Prospects for the Next 12 to 18 Months,” April 2, 1982, 1, 3,
    http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/D....
18. Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on Violence in Poland, September 1, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/90182b.htm.
19. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 54: United States Policy Toward Eastern Europe,” September 2, 1982, 1–4.
20. Ronald Reagan, “Radio Address to the Nation on Solidarity and United States Relations With Poland,” October 9, 1982,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43110.
21. Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Speakes on the Situation in Poland, October 13, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/101382c.htm.

    [Book pg. 551]
     

22. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Second Anniversary of Solidarity, November 10, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/111082c.htm.
23. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 66: East-West Economic Relations and Poland-Related Sanctions,” November 29, 1982, 1,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD66.pdf.
24. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on Signing the Human Rights and Day of Prayer for Poland Proclamations, December 10, 1982,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/121082a.htm.
25. Ronald Reagan, “Proclamation 5003 – Bill of Rights Day, Human Rights Day and Week, 1982,” December 10, 1982.
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42101.
26. Ronald Reagan, “Proclamation 5004 – A Day of Prayer for Poland and Solidarity With the Polish People,” December 10, 1982,
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42102.
27. International Communication Agency, “Poland: A Season of Light, and of Darkness,” 1982, 27.
28. Ronald Reagan, Written Responses to Questions Submitted by ABC of Spain, April 18, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/41885f.htm.
29. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Fifth Anniversary of the Solidarity Movement in Poland, August 31, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/83185b.htm.
30. Ronald Reagan, Statement Following a Meeting with Solidarity Movement Representative Jerzy Milewski on the Situation in Poland, October 21, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/102185c.htm.
31. Ronald Reagan, Statement on the Lifting of Economic Sanctions Against Poland, February 19, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/021987a.htm.
32. Ronald Reagan, Address to Western Europe From the Venice Economic Summit, June 5, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/060587b.htm.
33. Ronald Reagan, Remarks Following Discussions With Pope John Paul II in Vatican City, June 6, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/060687a.htm.
34. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin, June 12, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm.
35. Ronald Reagan, Proclamation 5334—Helsinki Human Rights Day, 1985, April 30, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/43085a.htm.
36. Ronald Reagan, Proclamation 5501—Baltic Freedom Day, 1986, June 12, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/61286f.htm.
37. Ronald Reagan, Proclamation 5772—Lithuanian Independence Day, 1988, February 11, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/021188d.htm.
38. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, “NIE 11/12–9–88: Soviet Policy Toward Eastern Europe Under Gorbachev,” May 1988, 1–3.
39. Lech Walesa, “In Solidarity,” June 11, 2004,
    http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB108691034152234672.

1. Political Party Platforms, “Republican Party Platform of 1980,” July 15, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844.
2. Ronald Reagan, The President’s News Conference, January 29, 1980,
   http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=44101.
3. Mark B. Liedl, ed., Scouting the Future: The Public Speeches of William J. Casey (Washington, DC: Regnery publishing, 1989), 41–46.
4. White House, Executive Order 12333—United States Intelligence Activities, December 4, 1981,
   http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12....
5. White House, Executive Order 12334—President’s Intelligence Oversight Board, December 4, 1981,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1981/120481e.htm.
6. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 22: Designation of Intelligence Officials Authorized to Request FBI Collection of Foreign Intelligence,” January 29, 1982, 1.
7. White House, “National Security Study Directive 2–82: Detecting and Countering the Foreign Intelligence Threat to the United States,” February 16, 1982, 2–3,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSSDs/NSSD2-82....
8. Leidl, Scouting the Future: The Public Speeches of William J. Casey, 49–51.
9. Ronald Reagan, Statement on Signing the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1983, September 27, 1982,
   http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/92782b.htm.

   [Book pg. 552]
    

10. Ronald Reagan: “Executive Order 12356 – National Security Information,” April 2, 1982. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42356
11. Leidl, Scouting the Future: The Public Speeches of William J. Casey, 58–59.
12. Ibid., 61–62, 64.
13. Ibidem, 130–131, 134–135.
14. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at Groundbreaking Ceremonies for an Addition to the Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters Complex, May 24, 1984,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/52484b.htm.
15. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Counterintelligence Activities, June 29, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/62985a.htm.
16. Ronald Reagan, The President’s News Conference, September 17, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/91785c.htm.
17. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 197: Reporting Hostile Acts and Security Awareness,” November 1, 1985, 2.
18. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Efforts to Prevent Espionage Against the United States, November 30, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/113085a.htm.
19. William J. Casey, “Scouting the Future” speech, as reproduced in Mark B. Liedl, ed., Scouting the Future: The Public Speeches of William J. Casey (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1989), 128–129.
20. Ronald Reagan, Remarks at a Dinner for Former Members of the Office of Strategic Services, May 29, 1986,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/52986c.htm.
21. Ronald Reagan, Letter to Congressional Committee Chairmen on Foreign Espionage in the United States, March 18, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/031887d.htm.
22. Ronald Reagan, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters on United States Embassy Security in Moscow, April 7, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/040787h.htm.
23. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Embassy Security in Moscow and Canada-United States Relations, April 11, 1987,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/041187a.htm.
24. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 286: Approval and Review of Special Activities,” October 15, 1987, 1, 5,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD286.pdf.
25. White House, “National Security Decision Directive 298: National Operations Security Program,” January 22, 1988, 1,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD298.pdf.
26. Ronald Reagan, Statement on Signing the Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989, September 29, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/092988f.htm.
27. Ronald Reagan, “Statement on Signing the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY 1989,” September 29, 1988,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1988/092988f.htm.
28. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Soviet Presence in the U.N. Secretariat (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 1985), 1.
29. Central Intelligence Agency, “Soviet Acquisition of Militarily Significant Western Technology: An Update,” September 1985, 11.
30. Select Committee on Intelligence, Meeting the Espionage Challenge: A Review of United States Counterintelligence and Security Programs (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, October, 1986), 5.
31. United States Department of State, “Intelligence Collection in the USSR Chamber of Commerce and Industry, January 1987, iii.
32. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Counterintelligence and Security Concerns—1986 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. February 1987), 2.
33. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Meeting the Espionage Challenge: A Review of United States Counterintelligence and Security Programs (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. October 1986), 30–32,
    http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/pdfs99th/99522.pdf.
34. United States Department of State, “Foreign Affairs Note: Moscow’s Radio peace and Progress,” August 1982, 1.
35. United States Department of State, “World Disarmament Campaign,” November 4, 1982, 1–2.
36. Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on Counterintelligence Activities, June 29, 1985,
    http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1985/62985a.htm.
37. U.S. Department of State, “Current Policy no. 761: Soviet Use of Active Measures,” September 18, 1985, 1.
38. U.S. Arms Control & Disarmament Agency, The Soviet Propaganda Campaign Against the US Strategic Defense Initiative (Washington, DC: ACDA, August 1986), iii.
39. United States Department of State, Active Measures: A Report on the Substance and Process of Anti-U.S. Disinformation and Propaganda Campaigns (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, August 1986), iii.

    [Book pg. 553]
     

40. Ibid.
41. U.S. Information Agency, “Soviet Active Measures in the Era of Glasnost: Report to Congress,” March 1988, 3.

    [Book pg. 554]

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